Elenco Basic Electronic Experiments Manuel d'utilisateur

BASICELECTRONICEXPERIMENTSMODEL PK-101Perform 50Experiments!Build an Electronic Key-board, Electronic Kazoo,Battery Tester, FingerTouch Lamp, Burglar

10MORE ABOUT RESISTORSOhm’s Law: You just observed that when you have less resistance in the circuit, more current flows (making the LEDbrighter). Th

The Variable Resistor: We talked about how a switch is used to turn the electricity on and off just like a valve is used toturn the water on and off.

WATER DIAGRAMEXPERIMENT #2: THE BRIGHTNESS CONTROLRemove the 10kΩ resistor used in Experiment #1; the other parts are used here. Insert the new part

EXPERIMENT #3: RESISTORS IN SERIESRemove the resistors used in Experiment #2; the other parts are used here. Insert the new parts according to the W

14EXPERIMENT #4: PARALLEL PIPESRemove the resistors used in Experiment #3; the other parts are used here. Insert the new parts according to the Wirin

15EXPERIMENT 5: COMPARISON OF PARALLEL CURRENTSSince we have two resistors in parallel and a second LED that is not being used, let’s modify the last

16EXPERIMENT #6: COMBINED CIRCUITLet’s combine everything we’ve done so far. Remove the resistors used in Experiment #3; the other parts are used he

17EXPERIMENT #7: WATER DETECTORYou’ve seen how electricity flows through copper wires easily and how carbon resists the flow. How well does water pa

INTRODUCTION TO CAPACITORSCapacitors: Capacitors are electrical components that can store electrical pressure (voltage) for periods of time. Whena ca

Similarly, capacitors are described by their capacity for holding electric charge, called their Capacitance, and their abilityto withstand electric pr

2Introduction to Inductors and Transformers 40Test Your Knowledge #2 41 Experiment #27: The Magnetic Bridge 42 Experiment #28: The Lighthouse 43 Ex

EXPERIMENT #8: SLOW LIGHT BULBStarting with this experiment, we will no longer show you the Parts List or the Wiring Checklist. Refer back to the pr

EXPERIMENT #9: SMALL DOMINATES LARGE - CAPACITORS IN SERIESTake a look at the schematic, it is almost the same circuit as the last experiment except

EXPERIMENT #10: LARGE DOMINATES SMALL - CAPACITORS IN PARALLELNow you have capacitors in parallel, and you can probably predict what will happen. If

EXPERIMENT #11: MAKE YOUR OWN BATTERYConnect the circuit according to the schematic and Wiring Diagram. Note that one side of the battery and resist

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE #11. __________ are the particles that flow between atoms as part of an electric current. 2. A __________ circuit occurs when wire

25EXPERIMENT #12: ONE - WAY CURRENTYour PK-101 includes one diode, a 1N4148, which is a standard diode widely used in industry. Connect the circuit

26EXPERIMENT #13: ONE-WAY LIGHT BULBSDiodes made of Gallium Arsenide need a higher voltage across them to turn on, usually about 1.5V This turn-on en

INTRODUCTION TO TRANSISTORSThe Transistor: The transistor was first developed in 1949 at Bell Telephone Laboratories, the name being derived from“tran

28EXPERIMENT #15: THE CURRENT AMPLIFIERConnect the circuit and press the switch. The right LED in the collector path is brighter than the left LED i

EXPERIMENT #16: THE SUBSTITUTELook again at the water pipe analogy for the transistor, the lever pivot:What would happen if the base and collector we

PARTS LISTQuantity Part Number Description r 1 134700 470Ω Resistor, 0.25W r 1 141000 1kΩ Resistor, 0.25W r 1 143300 3.3kΩ Resistor, 0.25W r 1 151000

30EXPERIMENT #17: STANDARD TRANSISTOR BIASING CIRCUITConnect the circuit and press the switch while turning the variable resistor from right to left

31EXPERIMENT #18: VERY SLOW LIGHT BULBConnect the circuit and press the switch, hold it down for several seconds. The LED will slowly light up. Rel

32EXPERIMENT #20: THE TWO FINGER TOUCH LAMPTake a look at the schematic. You’re probably wondering how it can work, since nothing is connected to th

EXPERIMENT #21: THE ONE FINGER TOUCH LAMPActually, the touch lamps you see in stores only need to be touched by one finger to light, not two. So let

EXPERIMENT #22: THE VOLTMETERMake sure you have a strong 9V battery for this experiment. Connect the circuit according to the Wiring Diagram andsche

35+9V10kΩ470Ω33kΩ(Note positionsof flat sides)

36EXPERIMENT #23: 1.5 VOLT BATTERY TESTERMake sure you have a strong 9V battery for this experiment. Connect the circuit, and connect the battery la

37EXPERIMENT #24: 9 VOLT BATTERY TESTERMake sure you have a strong 9V battery for this experiment. Connect the circuit, and connect the wire to the

38EXPERIMENT #25: BATTERY IMMUNIZERConnect the circuit according to the Wiring Diagram and schematic. Note that the collectors of the center and rig

39EXPERIMENT #26: THE ANTI-CAPACITORRecall that capacitors blocked direct current (DC) but passed alternating current (AC). Take a look at Experimen

INTRODUCTION TO BASIC COMPONENTSWelcome to the exciting world of Electronics! Before starting the first experiment, let’s learn about some of the bas

The Inductor: The inductor can best be described as electrical momentum (momentum is the power a moving objecthas). In our water pipe analogy the in

If you wrap two wires from different circuits around different ends of an iron bar then a current flowing through the wire fromthe first circuit will

42EXPERIMENT #27: THE MAGNETIC BRIDGEConnect the circuit and press the switch several times. LED-left blinks when the switch is pressed and LED-righ

43EXPERIMENT #28: THE LIGHTHOUSEConnect the circuit. Notice that the transformer is being used as two coils (inductors) here. Also notice that two

EXPERIMENT #29: ELECTRONIC SOUNDNow it’s time to make some noise. To do this we need a speaker. A speaker converts electrical energy into sound. I

45SPEAKERLOOSE WIRES+9V100μF1MΩSP10μF10kΩ33kΩ100kΩ3.3kΩDISC CAPACITORS473 marking = 0.047μF502 marking = 0.005μF473502+-.005μF

46EXPERIMENT #30: THE ALARMThis circuit is unusual in that you turn it on by disconnecting a wire and turn it off by connecting the wire. Connect th

47EXPERIMENT #31: MORSE CODEThe forerunner of today’s telephone system was the telegraph, which was widely used in the latter half of the 19th centur

48EXPERIMENT #32: SIRENConnect the circuit and press the switch. It makes a siren sound.You saw earlier how you could change the frequency (pitch) of

49EXPERIMENT #33: ELECTRONIC RAINConnect the circuit and press the switch. You hear a sound like raindrops. The variable resistor (VR) knob control

The Resistor: Why is the water pipe that goes to your kitchen faucet smaller than the one that comes to your house fromthe water company? And why is

50EXPERIMENT #34: THE SPACE GUNConnect the circuit and press the switch several times quickly. You hear a sound like a space gun in the movies. You

51EXPERIMENT #35: ELECTRONIC NOISEMAKERConnect the circuit, connecting the battery last since it will turn the circuit on. Press the switch several

EXPERIMENT #36: DRAWING RESISTORSYou need some more parts to do this experiment, so you’re going to draw them. Take a pencil (No. 2 lead is best but

53LONG LOOSE WIRES+9VSP10kΩ4733.3kΩ

54EXPERIMENT #37: ELECTRONIC KAZOONow it’s time to make your own music. This experiment will use the (almost) same circuit as the last one, so there

EXPERIMENT #38: ELECTRONIC KEYBOARDThis experiment will use the (almost) same circuit as the last one, so there is no schematic or Wiring Checklist.

56EXPERIMENT #39: FUN WITH WATERConnect the circuit, initially the two loose wires are unconnected so there is no sound. Now touch each wire with fi

57EXPERIMENT #40: BLINKING LIGHTSTake a look at the schematic. This circuit configuration is a type of oscillator called an astable multivibrator.

58EXPERIMENT #41: NOISY BLINKERThis circuit is similar to the last one. Connect the circuit (noting that the transistor bases are not connected alth

59EXPERIMENT #42: ONE-SHOTDo you know what this circuit will do? Connect everything, then press the switch and release it. The LED is on for a fews

6The holes are connected together as follows:• There are many columns of 5 holes each. The 5 holes within each column are electrically connected toge

60EXPERIMENT #43: ALARM WITH SHUT-OFF TIMERLet’s demonstrate a use for the timer circuit you just built by combining it with Experiment 30, the Alarm

61EXPERIMENT #44: THE FLIP - FLOPThis circuit is yet another variation of the basic multivibrator configuration. Connect the circuit. One LED will b

62EXPERIMENT #45: FINGER TOUCH LAMP WITH MEMORYInstead of using the wire to flip-flop the LED you may also use your fingers as you did in Experiment

63EXPERIMENT #46: THIS OR THATNow that you’re familiar with the flip-flop, let’s introduce some more digital circuits. Digital circuits are circuits

64EXPERIMENT #47: NEITHER THIS NOR THATNow let’s add on to the previous circuit. Everything from Experiment 46remains in place, just add the new par

EXPERIMENT #48: THIS AND THATTake a look at the schematic. Can you guess what kind of digital gate this is? We’ll use almost the same circuit here

66EXPERIMENT #49: AUDIO AND, NANDUsing the LEDs for these truth tables probably seems a little boring. So let’s use an audio circuit to make a sound

67EXPERIMENT #50: LOGIC COMBINATIONThis last circuit is a combination of some of the other digital gates, and has 3 inputs. See if you can fill in t

68TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE #31. Adjusting the input to something based on what its output is doing is an example of __________.2. A speaker converts electr

DEFINITION OF TERMS(Most of these are introduced and explained during the experiments.)AC...Common abbreviation for a

7Before You Begin: The rows of the breadboard are marked with letters (some rows are marked “+” and “–”) and thecolumns are marked by numbers, this a

Electronics... The science of electricity and its applications. Emitter... The output of an NPN bipolar jun

Primary... The larger of the two coils in a transformer.Printed Circuit Board... A board used for mounting electrical componen

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8EXPERIMENT #1: The Light Bulb First, decide if you will use a 9V battery (alkaline is best) or the adjustable power supply that is part of the XK-15

The Wiring Checklist and Wiring Diagram showyou ONE way of connecting the circuitcomponents using your breadboard. There aremany other ways that are